Raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv, muaj peb txoj hauv kev muab faib rauvuam electrodes: Kev faib tawm raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm electrode, kev faib tawm raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txheej txheej, thiab kev faib tawm raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm slag tom qab txheej txheej. Raws li kev siv welding rods, muaj ob hom kev qhia. Ib qho yog npaj los ntawm thawj Ministry of Machinery Kev Lag Luam, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov qauv hlau vuam pas nrig, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant steel vuam rods, stainless hlau vuam pas nrig, nto vuam pas nrig, tsis tshua muaj steel vuam pas nrig, cam khwb cia hlau vuam pas nrig, nickel thiab nickel alloy vuam rods, tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy vuam rods, txhuas thiab txhuas alloy vuam rods thiab tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj vuam rods. Qhov thib ob yog lub teb chaws tus qauv, uas suav nrog carbon steel electrode, tsis tshua muaj alloy electrode, stainless hlau electrode, surfacing electrode, cam khwb cia hlau electrode, tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy electrode, txhuas thiab txhuas alloy electrode. Tsis muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm ob. Lub qub yog sawv cev los ntawm kev lag luam hom thiab tom kawg los ntawm cov qauv. Yog hais tias cais raws li cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm electrode txheej, vuam electrodes tuaj yeem muab faib ua titanium oxide electrode, calcium titanium oxide electrode, ilmenite electrode, hlau oxide electrode, cellulose electrode, tsawg hydrogen electrode, graphite electrode thiab base electrode. Yog tias cais raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm slag tom qab melting ntawm electrode txheej, electrodes tuaj yeem muab faib ua kua qaub electrode thiab alkaline electrode. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kua qaub electrode txheej yog cov kua qaub oxides, xws li silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem ntawm alkaline electrode yog tsim los ntawm alkaline oxides, xws li marble thiab fluorite. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov electrodes, uas tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav xws li kev siv, alkalinity ntawm slag, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm electrode txheej, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm electrode. Txoj kev faib tawm tam sim no ntawm vuam rods hauv Suav teb feem ntau yog raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm vuam rods thiab cov khoom qauv ntawm Vuam cov ntaub ntawv npaj los ntawm thawj Ministry of Machinery Industry. Cov qauv electrode tau muab faib ua 8 pawg raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, thiab cov electrode hom tau muab faib ua 10 pawg raws li kev siv.
Nws yog tsuas yog muab faib raws li alkalinity ntawm vuam slag, uas yog, qhov feem ntawm alkaline oxide thiab acid oxide nyob rau hauv lub slag.
Acid electrode
Cov txheej muaj ntau cov kua qaub slags xws li TiO2 thiab SiO2, thiab ib qho nyiaj ntawm carbonate. Lub slag muaj zog oxidizability, thiab cov slag alkalinity coefficient yog tsawg dua 1. Cov kua qaub electrode muaj cov txheej txheem vuam zoo, ruaj khov arc, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ob qho tib si AC thiab DC, nrog me me spatter, zoo slag fluidity thiab deslagging. Lub slag feem ntau yog iav zoo li, xoob, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo deslagging. Lub weld tsos zoo nkauj. Cov txheej txheej ntawm cov kua qaub electrode muaj ntau cov silicon dioxide, hlau oxide thiab titanium oxide, muaj zog oxidizability. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau yog siab, cov ntsiab lus alloy raug hlawv ntau dua, cov hlau hloov pauv coefficient me me, thiab cov ntsiab lus hydrogen nyob rau hauv cov hlau deposited kuj siab, yog li cov hlau weld muaj tsawg plasticity thiab toughness.
Alkaline tsawg hydrogen hom
Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tshuaj muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm alkaline slag (marble, fluorite, thiab lwm yam), thiab ib tug npaum li cas ntawm deoxidizer thiab alloying tus neeg saib xyuas. Alkaline electrodes feem ntau vam khom rau qhov decomposition ntawm carbonate (xws li CaCO3) los tsim CO2 ua cov roj tiv thaiv. Lub hydrogen ib nrab siab nyob rau hauv arc kem cua yog tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, calcium fluoride hauv fluorite ua ke nrog hydrogen los tsim hydrogen fluoride (HF) ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txo cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv vuam. Yog li ntawd, alkaline electrodes tseem hu ua low hydrogen electrodes. Thaum siv txoj kev glycerin rau kev txiav txim, cov ntsiab lus ntawm diffusible hydrogen nyob rau hauv txhua txhua 100g ntawm deposited hlau yog 1 ~ 8mL rau yooj yim electrode thiab 17 ~ 50mL rau cov kua qaub electrode. Tus nqi ntawm CaO nyob rau hauv alkaline slag yog loj, lub peev xwm ntawm slag desulfurization muaj zog, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm deposited hlau los tiv thaiv kub tawg yog muaj zog. Ntxiv mus, alkaline electrode muaj plasticity siab thiab cuam tshuam toughness vim tsis tshua muaj oxygen thiab hydrogen cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv weld hlau thiab tsawg tsis-metallic inclusions. Vim hais tias cov txheej ntawm alkaline electrode muaj ntau fluorite, arc stability tsis zoo. Feem ntau, DC rov qab txuas yog siv. Tsuas yog thaum cov txheej txheem muaj ntau arc stabilizer, tuaj yeem siv AC thiab DC dual siv. Alkaline electrodes feem ntau yog siv rau cov txheej txheem vuam tseem ceeb, xws li cov qauv uas dais dynamic loads lossis muaj zog dua.
Classification raws li welding pas nrig khoom
Cov electrodes cais los ntawm kev ua tau zoo yog txhua yam tshwj xeeb electrodes tsim raws li lawv cov kev siv tshwj xeeb, xws li ultra-low hydrogen electrodes, tsis muaj plua plav thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom electrodes, ntsug down electrodes, dag vuam electrodes, primer electrodes, high-efficiency hlau hmoov electrodes, dej-pov thawj electrodes, underwater electrodes, gravity electrodes, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau ntawm cov qauv vuam, kev xaiv vuam rods yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, phaj thickness thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau welded, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Cov qauv vuam, lub xeev kev ntxhov siab, cov kev cai ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam, vuam kev tsim kho, cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov vuam rods yuav tsum xaiv lub hom phiaj. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov kev ntsuas weldability yuav tsum tau ua.
① Xav txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv hlau rau cov qauv hlau zoo tib yam, feem ntau yuav tsum muaj lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab lub hauv paus hlau, thiab lub vuam pas nrig nrog lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau deposited sib npaug los yog me ntsis siab tshaj lub hauv paus hlau yuav tsum. xaiv. Rau cov qauv hlau alloy, qee zaum cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum yog tib yam lossis ze rau lub hauv paus hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntawm qhov loj rigidity ntawm vuam qauv, siab sib koom ua ke kev nyuaj siab thiab yooj yim tawg ntawm weld, vuam pas nrig nrog qis zog tshaj lub hauv paus hlau yuav tsum raug xam tias yog. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon, sulfur, phosphorus thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau yog siab dhau heev lawm, tawg yooj yim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub vuam, thiab alkaline tsawg hydrogen electrodes nrog zoo tawg kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv.
② Xav txog qhov kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, ntxiv rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj lub zog, lub vuam cov kabmob thiab kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau vuam muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo thiab cov yas, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg nrog cov yas siab thiab tawv. indexes tuaj yeem xaiv. Rau weldments raug corrosive media, stainless hlau electrodes los yog lwm yam corrosion-resistant electrodes yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov xwm thiab corrosion yam ntxwv ntawm cov xov xwm. Rau weldments ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tsis kub, hnav-resistant los yog lwm yam tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob, coj mus rau tshav kub-resistant steel, tsis tshua muaj kub steel, surfacing los yog lwm yam tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj electrodes yuav tsum tau xaiv.
③ Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm vuam qauv thiab kev ntxhov siab, rau tuab thiab loj weldments nrog cov qauv nyuaj thiab loj rigidity, vim hais tias ntawm qhov loj hauv kev nyuaj siab generated nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tawg lub vuam, yog li alkaline tsawg hydrogen electrode nrog. zoo tawg kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv. Rau cov weldments nrog kev ntxhov siab me me thiab nyuaj los ntxuav qhov vuam, cov kua qaub electrodes tsis hnov tsw rau xeb, oxide daim tawv nqaij thiab roj stain yuav tsum raug xaiv. Vuam rods haum rau txhua txoj hauj lwm vuam yuav tsum raug xaiv rau weldments uas tsis tuaj yeem tig rov qab vim yog cov xwm txheej.
④ Hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim kho thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, cov kua qaub electrodes nrog cov txheej txheem zoo yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo. Acid electrode lossis plua plav electrode yuav tsum siv rau hauv qhov nqaim lossis qhov cua tsis zoo. Rau cov qauv uas muaj cov vuam loj loj, cov vuam siv tau zoo, xws li hlau hmoov vuam rods, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus vuam rods, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau siv kom deb li deb tau thaum muaj kev tso cai, los yog tshwj xeeb vuam pas nrig xws li hauv qab txheej vuam rods thiab ntsug nqes. welding rods yuav tsum tau siv los txhim kho vuam productivity.
① Carbon steel ntxiv rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau (los yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau) nrog cov qib sib txawv feem ntau xav kom lub zog ntawm vuam hlau los yog sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm ob hom. welded hlau. Lub zog ntawm cov hlau tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv electrode yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub zog ntawm cov vuam thiab sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua li ntawm lub hauv paus hlau nrog qis zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, plasticity thiab cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov hlau vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua li ntawm cov hlau hauv paus uas muaj zog dua thiab cov yas tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, lub vuam pas nrig tuaj yeem raug xaiv raws li cov hlau nrog qis zog. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qib steel nrog lub zog siab thiab tsis zoo weldability, nrog rau vuam specification, preheating kub thiab tom qab vuam kub kho.
② Vuam pas nrig rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau ntxiv rau austenitic stainless hlau yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li tus nqi qis ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau tso. Feem ntau, Cr25-Ni13 austenitic steel vuam rods nrog siab chromium thiab npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yas zoo thiab tawg yuav tsum raug xaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb los ntawm nkig hardening qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis zoo.
③ Peb hom electrodes uas muaj cov khoom sib txawv yuav tsum raug xaiv rau kev vuam ntawm lub hauv paus txheej, cladding txheej thiab hloov txheej ntawm stainless hlau phaj. Rau kev vuam ntawm lub hauv paus chav kawm (cov pa roj carbon steel lossis cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau), cov qauv hlau electrodes ntawm cov qib sib xws yuav tsum raug xaiv; Lub clad txheej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog corrosive nruab nrab, thiab austenitic stainless hlau electrode nrog coj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau xaiv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov vuam ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv (piv txwv li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem hauv paus). Cov nyhuv dilution ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus yuav tsum xav txog. Lub Cr25-Ni13 austenitic steel electrode nrog siab chromium thiab nickel cov ntsiab lus, zoo plasticity thiab tawg kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Nco ntsoov
1. Chromium stainless hlau muaj qee yam corrosion kuj (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), kub tsis kam thiab hnav tsis kam. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev cog hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, roj av thiab lwm yam khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv. Chromium stainless hlau muaj qhov tsis zoo weldability, yog li yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau cov txheej txheem vuam, kev kho cua sov thiab xaiv qhov tsim nyog vuam electrodes.
2. Chromium 13 stainless hlau muaj siab hardenability tom qab vuam thiab yooj yim tawg. Yog tias tib hom chromium stainless hlau electrodes (G202, G207) siv rau vuam, preheating saum 300 degree thiab kev kho cua txias qeeb ntawm txog 700 degree tom qab vuam yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Yog tias qhov vuam tsis tuaj yeem raug kho tom qab vuam cua sov, chromium nickel stainless hlau electrode yuav tsum siv.
3. Yuav kom txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab weldability ntawm chromium 17 stainless hlau, tsim nyog stability ntsiab xws li Ti, Nb thiab Mo yog ntxiv. Lub weldability ntawm chromium 17 stainless hlau yog zoo dua li ntawm chromium 13 stainless hlau. Thaum tib hom chromium stainless hlau electrodes (G302, G307) siv, lub preheating saum 200 degree thiab tempering tom qab vuam ntawm txog 800 degree yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Yog tias qhov vuam tsis tuaj yeem kho cua sov, chrome nickel stainless hlau electrode yuav tsum raug xaiv.
4. Cov chrome nickel stainless hlau electrode muaj corrosion kuj zoo thiab oxidation tsis kam, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj, chiv, roj av, thiab kev kho mob machinery manufacturing.
5. Thaum Cr Ni stainless hlau yog welded, carbides yog precipitated los ntawm rov ua cua sov, uas txo cov corrosion kuj thiab txhua yam khoom.
6. Lub vuam pas nrig yuav tsum tau muab cia kom qhuav thaum siv, hom titanium calcium yuav tsum qhuav ntawm 150 degree rau 1 teev, thiab hom hydrogen tsawg yuav tsum tau qhuav ntawm 200-250 degree rau 1 teev (tsis pub rov ua kom qhuav dua. , txwv tsis pub cov txheej yog yooj yim tawg thiab flake), tiv thaiv cov txheej ntawm vuam pas nrig los ntawm cov roj thiab lwm yam av, thiaj li tsis ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm cov vuam thiab cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam.
7. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular vim cua sov, qhov vuam tam sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau, kwv yees li 20 feem pua tsawg dua li cov pa roj carbon hlau electrode, lub arc yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev dhau, thiab cov interlayer yuav tsum tau txias sai, yog li nws Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqaim lub weld hlaws.
8. Chromium nickel stainless hlau txheej muaj xws li titanium calcium hom thiab hom hydrogen tsawg. Titanium calcium hom tuaj yeem siv rau AC thiab DC vuam, tab sis qhov nkag mus yog ntiav thaum lub sij hawm AC vuam, thiab nws yooj yim rau redden, yog li DC fais fab mov yuav tsum tau siv kom deb li deb tau. Txoj kab uas hla 4.